Comparison between Demand and Supply of Some Ecosystem Services in National Parks: A Spatial Analysis Conducted Using Italian Case Studies

In recent decades, modeling approaches of ecosystem services (ES) have been used extensively at the international level, providing useful tools during decision-making process by integrating both physical and economic information, thus improving its management. The relationship between supply demand may impact social welfare: for example, a deficit in ES could negatively influence (either potential or effective). For this reason, relational study is necessary sustainable management natural resources; particularly since some must be fulfilled not only on local scale but also globally (as case regulatory ES). This paper proposes an analysis framework that links flow (supply) generated interaction natural, human capital with consumption (demand) connected to beneficiaries. Specifically, we analyze three ES: Forage production, regulation climate (PM10), carbon sequestration national parks (Aspromonte National Park, Circeo Appennino Tosco Emiliano Park). use synthetic (biophysical) indicators, spatial basis, made it possible quantify specific catchments aim accounting surplus/deficit through calculation ratio (ESDR). fact, land requires balance relation different needs stakeholders community. can help identify resource trade-offs, rendering achievement protection objectives more efficient. Lastly, monetary coefficients, was calculate benefits increasing awareness public decision-makers ES’s value importance implementing integrated strategies environmental enhancement.